Excavator, also known as excavating machinery, also known as excavator, is an earthmoving machine that uses a bucket to excavate materials higher or lower than the bearing surface and loads them into transport vehicles or unloads them to the stockyard.
The materials excavated by excavators are mainly soil, coal, silt, and pre-loose soil and rocks. Judging from the development of construction machinery in recent years, excavators have developed relatively rapidly, and excavators have become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of an excavator: operating weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.
Development History
The original excavator was manual. It has been more than 130 years since its invention in 2013. During this period, it has experienced a full range of development from steam-driven bucket rotary excavators to electric-driven and internal combustion engine-driven rotary excavators, and the application of electromechanical and hydraulic integration technology. The gradual development process of automatic hydraulic excavators. The first hydraulic excavator was invented by the Poclain factory in France. Due to the application of hydraulic technology, in the 1940s, there were mounted excavators equipped with hydraulic backhoes on tractors. In 1951, the first fully hydraulic backhoe excavator was launched by the Poclain factory in France, thus creating a new space in the field of technological development of excavators. In the early and mid-1950s, towed backhoes were successively developed. Full-swing hydraulic excavators and crawler-type fully hydraulic excavators. The initial trial production of hydraulic excavators used the hydraulic technology of aircraft and machine tools. They lacked hydraulic components suitable for various working conditions of the excavator. The manufacturing quality was not stable enough and the supporting parts were not complete. Since the 1960s, hydraulic excavators have entered a stage of promotion and vigorous development. Excavator manufacturers and varieties in various countries have increased rapidly, and output has surged. From 1968 to 1970, the output of hydraulic excavators accounted for 83% of the total excavator output, which is close to 100%.
The first generation of excavators: The emergence of electric motors and internal combustion engines gave excavators advanced and suitable electric devices, and various excavator products were born one after another. In 1899, the first electric excavator appeared. After World War I, diesel engines were also used in excavators. This diesel engine (or electric motor) driven mechanical excavator was the first generation of excavators.
Second generation excavator: With the widespread use of hydraulic technology, excavators have a more scientific and applicable transmission device. The replacement of mechanical transmission by hydraulic transmission is a big leap in excavator technology. In 1950, Germany's first hydraulic excavator was born. Mechanical transmission hydraulic is the second generation excavator.
Third-generation excavators: The widespread application of electronic technology, especially computer technology, has enabled excavators to have automated control systems, and has also enabled excavators to develop in the direction of high performance, automation and intelligence. The germination of mechatronics occurred around 1965, while mechatronics technology was adopted in mass-produced hydraulic excavators around 1985. At that time, the main purpose was to save energy. Excavator electronics is the hallmark of the third generation of excavators.
Excavator industry manufacturers can be roughly divided into four categories. More than 70% of domestic excavators are occupied by foreign brands. Domestic brands are still mainly small and medium excavators. However, the share of domestic excavators is gradually increasing, with a year-on-year increase of 3.6% in 2012.
