Overview of domestic development of excavators

domestic
China's excavator production started late. From 1954, when Fushun Excavator Factory produced the first mechanical single-bucket excavator with a bucket capacity of 1m³ (cubic meter), it has generally gone through surveying and imitation, independent research and development, and development and improvement. Wait for three stages.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's excavator production history began by focusing on surveying and imitating the W501, W502, W1001, W1002 and other mechanical single-bucket excavators of the former Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s. Due to the needs of national economic construction at that time, more than ten excavator production plants were established. Starting in 1967, China independently developed hydraulic excavators. The products successfully developed in the early stage mainly include the WY100 model of Shanghai Construction Machinery Factory, the W4-60 model of Guiyang Mining Machinery Factory, and the WY60 excavator of Hefei Mining Machinery Factory. Later, the WYl60 excavator of Yangtze River Excavator Factory and the WY250 excavator of Hangzhou Heavy Machinery Factory appeared. They have taken an extremely important step for the formation and development of China's hydraulic excavator industry.
By the end of the 1980s, there were more than 30 excavator manufacturers in China, producing more than 40 models. Medium and small hydraulic excavators have formed a series, with bucket capacities ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 cubic meters and 12 grades and more than 20 models. We also produce 0.5-4.0 cubic meters and large mining 10 cubic meters and 12 cubic meters mechanically driven single buckets. Excavators, 1 cubic meter tunnel excavator, 4 cubic meter long arm excavator, 1000 cubic meter/h excavator, etc. We also developed marine hydraulic excavators with bucket capacity of 0.25 cubic meters, bucket capacity of 0.4 cubic meters, 0.6 cubic meter, 0.8 cubic meter amphibious excavator, etc. But in general, China's excavator production batches are small and scattered, and there is a big gap between the production process and product quality compared with the international advanced level.
Since the reform and opening up, we have actively introduced, digested and absorbed foreign advanced technologies to promote the development of China's excavator industry. Among them, Guiyang Mining Machinery Factory, Shanghai Construction Machinery Factory, Hefei Mining Machinery Factory, Yangtze River Excavator Factory, etc. respectively introduced the A912, R912, R942, A922, R922, R962, R972, and R982 hydraulic excavators of the German Liebherr Company. Machine manufacturing technology. In a few years later, Hangzhou Heavy Machinery Factory introduced the H55 and H85 hydraulic excavator production technology of the German Demag Company, and the Beijing Construction Machinery Factory introduced the RH6 and MH6 hydraulic excavators of the German Ogakai (0&K) Company. Manufacturing Technology. At the same time, there are also Shandong Bulldozer General Factory (its excavator production base was renamed Shan Reconstruction Machinery Co., Ltd., including the two brands STRONG and JCM), Huanghe Engineering Machinery Factory, Jiangxi Changlin Machinery Factory, Shandong Linyi Engineering Machinery Factory, etc. Jointly introduced the complete manufacturing technology of PC100, PC120, PC200, PC220, PC300 and PC400 hydraulic excavators (except the engine) from Japan's Komatsu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Through several years of digestion, absorption, and transplantation of imported technologies, these factories have fully improved the performance indicators of domestic hydraulic excavator products to the international level in the 1980s, and their output has also increased year by year. Due to the increasing and diversified domestic demand for hydraulic excavators, the adjustment of the product structure of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises has affected some manufacturers in other machinery industries to join the hydraulic excavator industry.
Industry insiders pointed out that China's single-bucket hydraulic excavators should develop in a fully hydraulic direction; the bucket capacity should be controlled at 0.1-15m³; and for large and multi-bucket excavators, due to the high precision requirements for manufacturing and assembly of hydraulic components, construction site maintenance conditions If not, the mechanical type is still the main method. We should start researching and applying electro-hydraulic control technology to realize the automation of hydraulic excavator operation.
my country began to research and develop excavator products in the late 1960s. After just over 40 years, especially the more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's excavator manufacturing industry has developed particularly rapidly. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2010, there were 252 enterprises above designated size in China's excavator manufacturing industry, achieving sales of 169.785 billion yuan and product sales profits of 25.367 billion yuan, with a total profit of 21.406 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of more than 80%.
China's excavator market is growing at an average rate of 30%, becoming one of the largest markets in the world. From the perspective of development, China is at the peak of infrastructure construction in various aspects such as road transportation, energy, water conservancy, and urban construction. The market demand for excavators is increasing year by year. In 2010, the actual cumulative sales of excavators nationwide exceeded 165,000 units. The year-on-year growth reached 74.5%.
At the end of 2010, major domestic companies have expanded their excavator production capacity, and other companies have launched series of excavator models in an attempt to drive corporate profit growth through the rapid growth of the excavator market. In fact, there are both risk factors and income considerations. Since bank credit is not active in promoting the construction of affordable housing, this indirectly led to the shrinkage of construction machinery market sales in the second quarter of 2011. In May 2011, domestic sales of excavators were 13,956 units, a year-on-year decrease of 12.4%, the first year-on-year decrease in a single month; cumulative sales from January to May were 115,589 units, a year-on-year increase of 38.1%, a decrease of 12 percentage points from January to April.
Data show that from January to May 2011, the market share of domestic brands further increased to 37%. Sany Heavy Industry, which ranks first in domestic excavator production capacity, has reached an annual production and sales scale of tens of thousands of units, and the production capacity of the top four in the industry has reached a level of more than 4,000 units/year. Other companies are also expanding their production capacity at a very strong pace. In the future, it may become normal for domestic brand excavators to occupy the market share of imported machines and second-hand machines.
According to data disclosed by Construction Machinery Online, as of September 2014, a total of 1,006 mini excavators under 6 tons had been sold, of which foreign brands accounted for 55.0% of the market share and domestic brands accounted for 45.0%. In addition, the sales volume of excavators over 6 tons was 3,139 units, with foreign brands accounting for 61.0% of the market and domestic brands accounting for only 39.0%. According to data from Sany Heavy Industry, from 2011 to 2013, the company's excavator domestic market share reached 11.56%, 15.8%, and 13.7% respectively, surpassing Carter and retaining the first place in the industry. Its market share once again exceeded 15%. Industry insiders believe that there is no suspense that the company will take the first place this year and achieve the "fourth consecutive sales crown".
Overall, the domestic ownership of excavators is low, but product prices are relatively high. The sales model is mainly financial leasing or bank mortgages. Once credit is relaxed, excavator sales will be the best product to rebound. It can be predicted that from 2011 to 2013, with the recovery of the Chinese economy and the acceleration of real estate and urbanization construction, the sales of excavators of various tonnages will continue to grow. Excluding uncertain factors, the sales of excavators of various tonnages from 2011 to 2013 Opportunities will grow at a growth rate of over 15%.
As competition in the excavator manufacturing industry continues to intensify, mergers, acquisitions, integration and capital operations among large excavator manufacturing companies become increasingly frequent. Excellent domestic excavator manufacturing companies are paying more and more attention to the research of the industry market, especially the industry development environment and products. In-depth buyer research. Because of this, a large number of excellent domestic excavator brands have risen rapidly and gradually become leaders in the excavator manufacturing industry in China and even the world.
In October 2022, according to the official website of the China Construction Machinery Industry Association, the China Construction Machinery Industry Association counted 26 excavator manufacturing companies. In September 2022, 21,187 excavators of various types were sold, a year-on-year increase of 5.49%, of which 10,520 were domestic. A year-on-year decrease of 24.5%; exports were 10,667 units, a year-on-year increase of 73.3%.