Excavator related parameters

operating weight
Operating weight is one of the three important parameters of an excavator (engine power, bucket capacity, and operating weight). [4]
The operating weight determines the level of the excavator and the upper limit of the excavator's digging force.
Excavation force ≦m.
working weight
m: Adhesion coefficient between the ground and the track.
If the digging force exceeds this limit, the excavator will slip and be pulled forward in the case of a backhoe, which is very dangerous. When shoveling forward, the excavator will slip backwards.
Digging force
For the digging force, the digging force is mainly divided into the arm digging force and the bucket digging force.
The action point of the two digging forces is the tooth root of the bucket (the lip of the bucket), but the power is different. The digging force of the forearm comes from the forearm cylinder; while the digging force of the bucket comes from the bucket cylinder.
Ground voltage
The size of the ground specific pressure determines the ground conditions suitable for the excavator to work.
Ground pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the weight of the machine on the ground, expressed by the following formula:
Ground specific pressure = working weight ÷ total area in contact with the ground
Track shoe
·It is very important to install suitable track shoes on the machine. For crawler excavators, the criterion for selecting crawler tracks is: whenever possible, try to use the narrowest track shoes.
·Commonly used track types: toothed track shoes.
Walking speed
For crawler excavators, walking time accounts for about one-tenth of the entire working time.
Generally speaking, two speeds can meet the walking performance of the excavator.
Traction
Traction force refers to the force generated by the excavator when walking, which mainly depends on the excavator's traveling motor.
These two walking performance parameters indicate the maneuverability and walking ability of the excavator. It can be reflected in the samples of various manufacturers.
Gradeability
Climbing ability refers to the ability to climb, descend, or stop on a solid, flat slope.
Two expression methods: angle, percentage
improving capability
Lifting capacity refers to the smaller of rated stable lifting capacity or rated hydraulic lifting capacity.
Rated stable lifting capacity: 75% of tipping load
Rated hydraulic lifting capacity: 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity
Swing speed
The rotation speed refers to the average maximum speed that the excavator can achieve stable rotation when it is unloaded.
This means that the defined rotational speed neither refers to the rotational speed during starting nor braking; that is, it does not refer to the rotational speed of acceleration or deceleration. For general excavation work, when this kind of excavator works in the range of 0° to 180°, the swing motor accelerates or decelerates. When it rotates to the range of 270° to 360°, the swing speed reaches stability.
Therefore, in actual excavation work, the rotation speed defined above is unrealistic. That is, the required actual turning performance is acceleration/deceleration expressed by the turning torque.
Engine power
Gross horsepower refers to the output power measured at the engine flywheel without power-consuming accessories such as mufflers, fans, alternators and air filters.
Effective power (net horsepower) refers to the output power measured on the engine flywheel when all power-consuming accessories are installed, such as mufflers, fans, alternators and air filters.
Noise measurement
The main source of excavator noise comes from the engine.
Two types of noise: noise measurement at the operator's ears and noise measurement around the machine